RESUME ENGLISH 1
MODAL VERB
ð The modal auxiliaries in English are :
Can, Could, May, Might, Shall, Should, Will, Would, Must.
Modal form:
Modal verbs can be used in a variety of different form. study the example below.
Modal Simple
ð I could swim at the beach.
Modal Continous
· I could be swimming at the beach right.
Modal Perfect
· I could have swum at the beach yesterday.
Modal Perfect continous
· I could have been swimming at the beach instead of working in the office.
Passive Modal Simple
ð The room should be cleaned once a day.
Passive Modal continous
· The room should be being cleaned now.
Passive Modal Perfect
· The room should have been cleaned yesterday.
Passive Modal Perfect continous
· The room should have been being cleaned but no body was there
COMPOUND SENTENCE
Compound subjek => Subjek 2
Compound verb => Verb 2
Coordinators are as follows : For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So
Example:
Ø I want to buy the book, yet I don’t have money.
Ø The test is so hard, so I must study hard.
COMPOUND ADJECTIVE
Example :
1. The handsome guy loves the beautifull girl.
2. The crazy man till the little child with machine gun.
COMPOUND ADVERB
Example :
1. Antonio studied hardly and seriously.
2. I have done my homework happily and slowly,
3. I will speak English fluently and clearly.
SUBORDINATOR
ü Althought, Even though.
ü Because , Since, So that.
ü When, While, Before, After, Whenever.
ü Wherever, Anywhere.
ü If, Unless, Whether
Example : Don’t forget me wherever you stay.
Use parallel structure with paired conjuctions
o Both…….and
o Either…….or
o Neither………..nor
o Not only…………….but also
Example:
1. I know both where you went and what you did.
2. Either mark or sue has the book.
3. The tickets are neither in my pocket nor in my purse.
4. He is not only an excellent student but also an putstanding athlete.
ADJECTIVE CLAUSE CONNECTORS CORRECTLY
Using subject Pronouns: Who, Which, That
Example :
I thanked the woman. She helped me.
a. I thanked the woman who helped me.
b. I thanked the woman that helped me.
Using object Pronouns : Who(m), Which, That.
Example :
The man was Mr. Jones. I saw him.
a. The man who(m) I saw was Mr. Jones.
b. The man that I saw was Mr. Jones.
Using Whose
Example :
I know the man. His bicycle was stolen.
a. I know whose bicycle was stolen.
Using Where.
Example:
The building is very old. He lives there (in that building).
a. The building where he lives is very old.
b. The building in which he lives is very old.
The building which he lives in is very old.
The building that he lives in is very old.
Using When.
Example:
I’ll never forget the day. I met you then day.
a. I’ll never forget the day when I met you.
b. I’ll never forget the day on which I met you.
c. I’ll never forget the day that I met you.
NOUN CLAUSE
Example:
1. Noun
I know Latin.
2. Noun clause
- I know that latin is no longer spoken as a native language.
- I don’t know why he said such thing.
Word used to introduce Noun Clause.
That => indicates a fact.
What => focuses on a fact.
When => indicates a time.
Where => indicates a place.
Why => indicates a reason.
Who => indicates a person.
How many => indicates quantity.
Whose => indicates passion.
Whom => indicates person.
ADVERB CLAUSES
An adverb clause answer question such as:
- When
- Where
- Why
- With
- What result
- Under what conditions?
Adverb : The premier gave a speech here.
Adverb clause : the premier gave a speech where the workers were striking.
Clause : The adverb clause answer the questions “Why”?
Effect : The adverb clause answer the question “With”
Time : The clause answers the question “When”
Place : “Where”
Condition : “Under what conditions?-> if
Example adverb clause:
v I will sing the check before you leave.
Before you leave, I will sing the check.
Adverb Connector
F After
F As
F As long as
F As soon as
F Before
F By the time
F Now that
F Once
F Since
F Until
F When
F Whenever
F While
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· from the records themselves
· Azar, Betty Scrampfer
Understanding and using English grammar / by Betty Scrampfer
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